See ciets on Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "liquid",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of \"state of matter\"”",
"translation": "liquid",
"word": "šķidrs"
},
{
"english": "gaseous",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of \"state of matter\"”",
"translation": "gaseous",
"word": "gāzveidīgs"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of \"hard\", including \"hard water\"”",
"word": "mīksts"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cietība"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cietums"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cietviela"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kietas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kietas",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*key-",
"4": "",
"5": "to set in motion, to move"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciešs",
"3": "",
"4": "tight"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ciešs (“tight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kietas",
"3": "kíetas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ki̇́etas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "kit"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian kit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "keytaro",
"3": "",
"4": "hail, greeting"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian keytaro (“hail, greeting”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čitъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čitъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȉt",
"3": "",
"4": "healthy, whole"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian čȉt (“healthy, whole”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kietas, from *keitas, from Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”) with an extra (adjectivizing) suffix -to-s. A parallel form with -tyo-s (*keityas, *kietyas) yielded Latvian ciešs (“tight”). Meaning change: “moving” > “happy, safe, healthy” > “strong, rigid” > “hard.” Cognates include Lithuanian ki̇́etas, Sudovian kit, Old Prussian keytaro (“hail, greeting”), Proto-Slavic *čitъ (dialectal чи́тый (čítyj, “sober”), Serbo-Croatian čȉt (“healthy, whole”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cietais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "cietāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viscietākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "cieti",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "ciet",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cietais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "viscietākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "cieti, ciet",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "cietais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "cietāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ciets (definite cietais, comparative cietāks, superlative viscietākais, adverb cieti, ciet)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ciet",
"adv": "cieti, ciet"
},
"expansion": "ciets (definite cietais, comparative cietāks, superlative viscietākais, adverb cieti, ciet)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciešs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cietoksnis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Physics",
"orig": "lv:Physics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 11 3 1 7 1 4 1 1 1 7 3 1 9 4 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
0,
5
],
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid substance",
"text": "cieta viela, cietviela",
"translation": "solid substance",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid bodies",
"text": "cieti ķermeņi",
"translation": "solid bodies",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid fuel",
"text": "cietais kurināmais",
"translation": "solid fuel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid state",
"text": "ciets agregātstāvoklis",
"translation": "solid state",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solid (having stable form)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-a9vd16cO",
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"stable",
"stable#English"
],
[
"form",
"form#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) solid (having stable form)"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, solid mineral, metal",
"text": "ciets minerāls, metāls",
"translation": "hard, solid mineral, metal",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, solid steel, granite",
"text": "ciets tērauds, granīts",
"translation": "hard, solid steel, granite",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, solid diamond, blade",
"text": "ciets diamants, asmens",
"translation": "hard, solid diamond, blade",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard pencil (with lead that wears out slowly)",
"text": "ciets zīmulis",
"translation": "hard pencil (with lead that wears out slowly)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, solid as rock",
"text": "ciets kā akmens",
"translation": "hard, solid as rock",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
27,
31
]
],
"english": "not all stones are equally hard",
"text": "visi akmeņi nebūt nav vienādi cieti",
"translation": "not all stones are equally hard",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (difficult to split, crush, bend, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-5fKUzbHn",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"split",
"split#English"
],
[
"crush",
"crush#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard soil, ground, meadow",
"text": "cieta augsne, grunts, pļava",
"translation": "hard soil, ground, meadow",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard clay",
"text": "ciets māls",
"translation": "hard clay",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, soild foundation",
"text": "ciets pamats",
"translation": "hard, soild foundation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"english": "six hectares of hard steppe land (were) broken up, plowed",
"text": "uzplēsti seši hektāri cietajā stepes zemē",
"translation": "six hectares of hard steppe land (were) broken up, plowed",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid (having a layer of rock, or snow, or ice)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-F-zxTWVD",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"rock",
"rock#English"
],
[
"snow",
"snow#English"
],
[
"ice",
"ice#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 11 3 1 7 1 4 1 1 1 7 3 1 9 4 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid canvas",
"text": "ciets audekls",
"translation": "solid canvas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard sheepskin",
"text": "cieta aitāda",
"translation": "hard sheepskin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard boot",
"text": "ciets zābaks",
"translation": "hard boot",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
28
]
],
"english": "he wore a dickey with a hard collar",
"text": "viņš nēsāja uzkreklus ar cietām apkaklītēm",
"translation": "he wore a dickey with a hard collar",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid (strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-47ZBHb57",
"links": [
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"fold",
"fold#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"made",
"make#English"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#English"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "cloth",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of fabric, cloth) hard, solid (strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of fabric"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard sofa, pillow",
"text": "ciets dīvāns, spilvens",
"translation": "hard sofa, pillow",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard bed, back (of chair)",
"text": "cieta gulta, atzveltne",
"translation": "hard bed, back (of chair)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "that chair is too hard for me",
"text": "tas krēsls man par cietu",
"translation": "that chair is too hard for me",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft, resistant to pressure)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-fdOdZL7X",
"links": [
[
"furniture",
"furniture"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"soft",
"soft#English"
],
[
"resistant",
"resistant#English"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "cushions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of furniture, cushions, etc.) hard (not soft, resistant to pressure)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of furniture"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard tissue",
"text": "citie audi",
"translation": "hard tissue",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard bone",
"text": "ciets kauls",
"translation": "hard bone",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard skin",
"text": "cieta āda",
"translation": "hard skin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard palate",
"text": "cietās aukslējas",
"translation": "hard palate",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "(his) hands were full of hard blisters",
"text": "rokas bija pilnas cietu tulznu",
"translation": "(his) hands were full of hard blisters",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bend or break)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-6kUpD~~B",
"links": [
[
"body part",
"body part"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"break",
"break#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "tissue",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of body parts, tissue) hard (difficult to bend or break)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of body parts"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard hands",
"text": "cietas rokas",
"translation": "hard hands",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard palm (of hand)",
"text": "cieta plauksta",
"translation": "hard palm (of hand)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, hardened (having strong, harsh skin)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-zF4XCEO6",
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh#English"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their skin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of hands, their skin) hard, hardened (having strong, harsh skin)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of hands"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "thick beard",
"text": "cieta bārda",
"translation": "thick beard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "thick mustache",
"text": "cietas ūsas",
"translation": "thick mustache",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thick, strong"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-MSHh23f7",
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of hair) thick, strong"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of hair"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard tree, oak",
"text": "ciets koks, ozols",
"translation": "hard tree, oak",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard trunk, branch",
"text": "ciets stumbrs, zars",
"translation": "hard trunk, branch",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard grain",
"text": "ciets grauds",
"translation": "hard grain",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
38
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
48,
54
]
],
"english": "the wood of these trees is one and a half times harder than iron",
"text": "šo koku koksne pusotras reizes cietāka par dzelzi",
"translation": "the wood of these trees is one and a half times harder than iron",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-HH0iQvCr",
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"squeeze",
"squeeze#English"
],
[
"trim",
"trim#English"
],
[
"prune",
"prune#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of plants) hard (difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of plants"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard meat, bread",
"text": "cieta gaļa, maize",
"translation": "hard meat, bread",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard cheese",
"text": "ciets siers",
"translation": "hard cheese",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard (boiled) egg",
"text": "cieta ola",
"translation": "hard (boiled) egg",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bite and chew)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-76eePH~H",
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bite",
"bite#English"
],
[
"chew",
"chew#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of food) hard (difficult to bite and chew)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of food"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, tough character",
"text": "ciets raksturs",
"translation": "hard, tough character",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, tough nature",
"text": "cieta daba",
"translation": "hard, tough nature",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard heart (i.e., cruel, ruthless)",
"text": "cieta sirds",
"translation": "hard heart (i.e., cruel, ruthless)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
13
],
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "he was a hard, tough man (lit. person)",
"text": "viņš bija ciets cilvēks",
"translation": "he was a hard, tough man (lit. person)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard look",
"text": "ciets skatiens",
"translation": "hard look",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"english": "his facial expression was hard and relentless",
"text": "viņa sejas izteiksme bija cieta un nepielūdzama",
"translation": "his facial expression was hard and relentless",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, tough (strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-4EYkKsd2",
"links": [
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"determined",
"determined#English"
],
[
"uncompromising",
"uncompromising#English"
],
[
"ruthless",
"ruthless#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "will; their behavior; will; their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of character, will; of people, their behavior) hard, tough (strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of character",
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
70,
75
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
64,
68
],
[
70,
75
]
],
"english": "when after the wind gust he raised his face, it had become gray hard, stiff like frozen ground",
"text": "kad pēc vēja brāzmas viņš pacēla seju augstāk, tā bija kļuvusi pelēki cieta ka sastingusi zeme",
"translation": "when after the wind gust he raised his face, it had become gray hard, stiff like frozen ground",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, stiff"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-Zj2Bg1zP",
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"qualifier": "their features",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of faces, their features) hard, stiff"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of faces"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "solemn promise",
"text": "ciets solījums",
"translation": "solemn promise",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
108,
114
]
],
"english": "the regiment of men (was) silent... all the words of the guard (oath) (were) said; every hand rose with one solemn oath",
"text": "kluss vīru pulks... viss gvarda vārdos teikts; vien cietam zvērestam ceļ katrs roku",
"translation": "the regiment of men (was) silent... all the words of the guard (oath) (were) said; every hand rose with one solemn oath",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, definite, clear, inalterable (syn. ciešs)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-zRpp4DBv",
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"promises",
"promises"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"definite",
"definite"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"inalterable",
"inalterable"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "ideas; promisess; ideas; promisess",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of thoughts, ideas, promisess) hard, definite, clear, inalterable (syn. ciešs)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of thoughts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 5 5 8 5 3 6 1 4 4 4 1 9 13 4 4 5 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with broken intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "rigid wage, salary",
"text": "cieta alga",
"translation": "rigid wage, salary",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "rigid prices",
"text": "cietas cenas",
"translation": "rigid prices",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid, definite, determined (which cannot be arbitrarily changed)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-XgOJ~o~y",
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"definite",
"definite"
],
[
"determined",
"determined"
],
[
"arbitrarily",
"arbitrary#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) rigid, definite, determined (which cannot be arbitrarily changed)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"english": "with calm, strong steps he came closer",
"text": "mierigiem, cietiem soļiem viņš nāca tuvāk",
"translation": "with calm, strong steps he came closer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
22,
28
]
],
"english": "mother's hug is warm, strong, desperate",
"text": "mātes skāviens ir karsts, ciets, izmisīgs",
"translation": "mother's hug is warm, strong, desperate",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, strong, determined"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-9zf56p0Q",
"links": [
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"determine",
"determine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of movements) hard, strong, determined"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of movements"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
34
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
34
]
],
"english": "the whole night was spent in tight, healthy sleep",
"text": "visa nakts tad bija pavadīta cietā, veselīgā miegā",
"translation": "the whole night was spent in tight, healthy sleep",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight (syn. ciešs)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-qojiXNcG",
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sleep) tight (syn. ciešs)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sleep"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard water is not appropriate for washing",
"text": "ciets ūdens mazgāšanai nav derīgs",
"translation": "hard water is not appropriate for washing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-qh-OEXEd",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"contain",
"contain#English"
],
[
"salt",
"salt#English"
],
[
"calcium",
"calcium#English"
],
[
"magnesium",
"magnesium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of water) hard (which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
53
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
60,
66
],
[
68,
75
]
],
"english": "the sea was white and the northern wind became increasingly harder, sharper",
"text": "jūra bija balta un ziemeļu vējš kļuva aizvien cietāks",
"translation": "the sea was white and the northern wind became increasingly harder, sharper",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
59,
63
]
],
"english": "if the pines are swaying like that, then there is a storm, hard weather, as father said / used to say",
"text": "ja priedes tā šūpojas, tad ir vētra, ciets laiks, kā saka tēvs",
"translation": "if the pines are swaying like that, then there is a storm, hard weather, as father said / used to say",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, sharp"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-ZdCyRXr1",
"links": [
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of wind, weather) strong, sharp"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of wind"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 4 4 14 2 1 5 0 3 1 2 0 8 3 2 9 6 6 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 6 6 11 3 1 7 1 4 1 1 1 7 3 1 9 4 7 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 5 5 12 4 2 6 1 4 2 1 1 8 4 1 8 5 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 1 1 21 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 4 2 2 4 11 7 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 1 18 0 1 2 0 1 1 1 0 9 1 1 11 9 6 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"english": "very close one by the other",
"text": "cieti citu pie citas",
"translation": "very close one by the other",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight(ly) close, close together (syn. ciešs, cieši)"
],
"id": "en-ciets-lv-adj-PRmNISML",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
],
[
"cieši",
"cieši#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "adverbial form; objects; adverbial form; objects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adverbial form; of people, objects) tight(ly) close, close together (syn. ciešs, cieši)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "5 3 3 11 0 1 4 9 1 1 5 0 3 2 6 2 3 7 34",
"sense": "of \"thick\", \"concentrated (look)\", \"strong (movement)\", \"sleep\", \"close together\"",
"word": "ciešs"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsiɛ̂ts]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-ciets.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "17 15 14 14 3 3 5 1 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 1 2 1 1",
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stings"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 14 14 3 3 5 1 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 1 2 1 1",
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stingrs"
},
{
"_dis1": "17 15 14 14 3 3 5 1 3 3 3 4 3 2 4 1 2 1 1",
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stīvs"
}
],
"word": "ciets"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "liquid",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of \"state of matter\"”",
"translation": "liquid",
"word": "šķidrs"
},
{
"english": "gaseous",
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of \"state of matter\"”",
"translation": "gaseous",
"word": "gāzveidīgs"
},
{
"sense": "antonym(s) of “of \"hard\", including \"hard water\"”",
"word": "mīksts"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latvian adjectives",
"Latvian adjectives with irregular adverbial forms",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with broken intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "cietība"
},
{
"word": "cietums"
},
{
"word": "cietviela"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*kietas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kietas",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*key-",
"4": "",
"5": "to set in motion, to move"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ciešs",
"3": "",
"4": "tight"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ciešs (“tight”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kietas",
"3": "kíetas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ki̇́etas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "kit"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian kit",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "keytaro",
"3": "",
"4": "hail, greeting"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian keytaro (“hail, greeting”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čitъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čitъ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "čȉt",
"3": "",
"4": "healthy, whole"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian čȉt (“healthy, whole”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kietas, from *keitas, from Proto-Indo-European *key- (“to set in motion, to move”) with an extra (adjectivizing) suffix -to-s. A parallel form with -tyo-s (*keityas, *kietyas) yielded Latvian ciešs (“tight”). Meaning change: “moving” > “happy, safe, healthy” > “strong, rigid” > “hard.” Cognates include Lithuanian ki̇́etas, Sudovian kit, Old Prussian keytaro (“hail, greeting”), Proto-Slavic *čitъ (dialectal чи́тый (čítyj, “sober”), Serbo-Croatian čȉt (“healthy, whole”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cietais",
"tags": [
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "cietāks",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "viscietākais",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "cieti",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "ciet",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "small",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciets",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cietais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cietajās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cieto",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cietās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"10": "viscietākais",
"11": "adverb",
"12": "cieti, ciet",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "definite",
"6": "cietais",
"7": "comparative",
"8": "cietāks",
"9": "superlative",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "ciets (definite cietais, comparative cietāks, superlative viscietākais, adverb cieti, ciet)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ciet",
"adv": "cieti, ciet"
},
"expansion": "ciets (definite cietais, comparative cietāks, superlative viscietākais, adverb cieti, ciet)",
"name": "lv-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "ciešs"
},
{
"word": "ciet"
},
{
"word": "cietoksnis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"lv:Physics"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
0,
5
],
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid substance",
"text": "cieta viela, cietviela",
"translation": "solid substance",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid bodies",
"text": "cieti ķermeņi",
"translation": "solid bodies",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid fuel",
"text": "cietais kurināmais",
"translation": "solid fuel",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid state",
"text": "ciets agregātstāvoklis",
"translation": "solid state",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"solid (having stable form)"
],
"links": [
[
"physics",
"physics"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"stable",
"stable#English"
],
[
"form",
"form#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(physics) solid (having stable form)"
],
"topics": [
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"physics"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, solid mineral, metal",
"text": "ciets minerāls, metāls",
"translation": "hard, solid mineral, metal",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, solid steel, granite",
"text": "ciets tērauds, granīts",
"translation": "hard, solid steel, granite",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, solid diamond, blade",
"text": "ciets diamants, asmens",
"translation": "hard, solid diamond, blade",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard pencil (with lead that wears out slowly)",
"text": "ciets zīmulis",
"translation": "hard pencil (with lead that wears out slowly)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, solid as rock",
"text": "ciets kā akmens",
"translation": "hard, solid as rock",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
30,
35
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
27,
31
]
],
"english": "not all stones are equally hard",
"text": "visi akmeņi nebūt nav vienādi cieti",
"translation": "not all stones are equally hard",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid, rigid (difficult to split, crush, bend, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"split",
"split#English"
],
[
"crush",
"crush#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard soil, ground, meadow",
"text": "cieta augsne, grunts, pļava",
"translation": "hard soil, ground, meadow",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard clay",
"text": "ciets māls",
"translation": "hard clay",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, soild foundation",
"text": "ciets pamats",
"translation": "hard, soild foundation",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
29
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
20
]
],
"english": "six hectares of hard steppe land (were) broken up, plowed",
"text": "uzplēsti seši hektāri cietajā stepes zemē",
"translation": "six hectares of hard steppe land (were) broken up, plowed",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid (having a layer of rock, or snow, or ice)"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
],
[
"rock",
"rock#English"
],
[
"snow",
"snow#English"
],
[
"ice",
"ice#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "solid canvas",
"text": "ciets audekls",
"translation": "solid canvas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard sheepskin",
"text": "cieta aitāda",
"translation": "hard sheepskin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard boot",
"text": "ciets zābaks",
"translation": "hard boot",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
28
]
],
"english": "he wore a dickey with a hard collar",
"text": "viņš nēsāja uzkreklus ar cietām apkaklītēm",
"translation": "he wore a dickey with a hard collar",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, solid (strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth)"
],
"links": [
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"solid",
"solid"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"fold",
"fold#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"made",
"make#English"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#English"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "cloth",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of fabric, cloth) hard, solid (strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of fabric"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard sofa, pillow",
"text": "ciets dīvāns, spilvens",
"translation": "hard sofa, pillow",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard bed, back (of chair)",
"text": "cieta gulta, atzveltne",
"translation": "hard bed, back (of chair)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
24
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "that chair is too hard for me",
"text": "tas krēsls man par cietu",
"translation": "that chair is too hard for me",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (not soft, resistant to pressure)"
],
"links": [
[
"furniture",
"furniture"
],
[
"cushion",
"cushion"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"soft",
"soft#English"
],
[
"resistant",
"resistant#English"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "cushions",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of furniture, cushions, etc.) hard (not soft, resistant to pressure)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of furniture"
],
"tags": [
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard tissue",
"text": "citie audi",
"translation": "hard tissue",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard bone",
"text": "ciets kauls",
"translation": "hard bone",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard skin",
"text": "cieta āda",
"translation": "hard skin",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard palate",
"text": "cietās aukslējas",
"translation": "hard palate",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
18,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
25,
29
]
],
"english": "(his) hands were full of hard blisters",
"text": "rokas bija pilnas cietu tulznu",
"translation": "(his) hands were full of hard blisters",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bend or break)"
],
"links": [
[
"body part",
"body part"
],
[
"tissue",
"tissue"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"break",
"break#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "tissue",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of body parts, tissue) hard (difficult to bend or break)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of body parts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard hands",
"text": "cietas rokas",
"translation": "hard hands",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard palm (of hand)",
"text": "cieta plauksta",
"translation": "hard palm (of hand)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, hardened (having strong, harsh skin)"
],
"links": [
[
"hand",
"hand"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"harden",
"harden"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh#English"
],
[
"skin",
"skin#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "their skin",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of hands, their skin) hard, hardened (having strong, harsh skin)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of hands"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "thick beard",
"text": "cieta bārda",
"translation": "thick beard",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "thick mustache",
"text": "cietas ūsas",
"translation": "thick mustache",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thick, strong"
],
"links": [
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"thick",
"thick"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of hair) thick, strong"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of hair"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard tree, oak",
"text": "ciets koks, ozols",
"translation": "hard tree, oak",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard trunk, branch",
"text": "ciets stumbrs, zars",
"translation": "hard trunk, branch",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard grain",
"text": "ciets grauds",
"translation": "hard grain",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
38
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
48,
54
]
],
"english": "the wood of these trees is one and a half times harder than iron",
"text": "šo koku koksne pusotras reizes cietāka par dzelzi",
"translation": "the wood of these trees is one and a half times harder than iron",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune)"
],
"links": [
[
"plant",
"plant"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bend",
"bend#English"
],
[
"squeeze",
"squeeze#English"
],
[
"trim",
"trim#English"
],
[
"prune",
"prune#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of plants) hard (difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of plants"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard meat, bread",
"text": "cieta gaļa, maize",
"translation": "hard meat, bread",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard cheese",
"text": "ciets siers",
"translation": "hard cheese",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard (boiled) egg",
"text": "cieta ola",
"translation": "hard (boiled) egg",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (difficult to bite and chew)"
],
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"difficult",
"difficult#English"
],
[
"bite",
"bite#English"
],
[
"chew",
"chew#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of food) hard (difficult to bite and chew)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of food"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, tough character",
"text": "ciets raksturs",
"translation": "hard, tough character",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
],
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "hard, tough nature",
"text": "cieta daba",
"translation": "hard, tough nature",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard heart (i.e., cruel, ruthless)",
"text": "cieta sirds",
"translation": "hard heart (i.e., cruel, ruthless)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
15
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
13
],
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "he was a hard, tough man (lit. person)",
"text": "viņš bija ciets cilvēks",
"translation": "he was a hard, tough man (lit. person)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard look",
"text": "ciets skatiens",
"translation": "hard look",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
30
]
],
"english": "his facial expression was hard and relentless",
"text": "viņa sejas izteiksme bija cieta un nepielūdzama",
"translation": "his facial expression was hard and relentless",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, tough (strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless)"
],
"links": [
[
"character",
"character"
],
[
"will",
"will"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"behavior",
"behavior"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
],
[
"strong",
"strong#English"
],
[
"determined",
"determined#English"
],
[
"uncompromising",
"uncompromising#English"
],
[
"ruthless",
"ruthless#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "will; their behavior; will; their behavior",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of character, will; of people, their behavior) hard, tough (strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of character",
"of people"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
70,
75
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
64,
68
],
[
70,
75
]
],
"english": "when after the wind gust he raised his face, it had become gray hard, stiff like frozen ground",
"text": "kad pēc vēja brāzmas viņš pacēla seju augstāk, tā bija kļuvusi pelēki cieta ka sastingusi zeme",
"translation": "when after the wind gust he raised his face, it had become gray hard, stiff like frozen ground",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, stiff"
],
"links": [
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"feature",
"feature"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"qualifier": "their features",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of faces, their features) hard, stiff"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of faces"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"english": "solemn promise",
"text": "ciets solījums",
"translation": "solemn promise",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
58
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
108,
114
]
],
"english": "the regiment of men (was) silent... all the words of the guard (oath) (were) said; every hand rose with one solemn oath",
"text": "kluss vīru pulks... viss gvarda vārdos teikts; vien cietam zvērestam ceļ katrs roku",
"translation": "the regiment of men (was) silent... all the words of the guard (oath) (were) said; every hand rose with one solemn oath",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, definite, clear, inalterable (syn. ciešs)"
],
"links": [
[
"thought",
"thought"
],
[
"idea",
"idea"
],
[
"promises",
"promises"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"definite",
"definite"
],
[
"clear",
"clear"
],
[
"inalterable",
"inalterable"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "ideas; promisess; ideas; promisess",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of thoughts, ideas, promisess) hard, definite, clear, inalterable (syn. ciešs)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of thoughts"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian colloquialisms",
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "rigid wage, salary",
"text": "cieta alga",
"translation": "rigid wage, salary",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "rigid prices",
"text": "cietas cenas",
"translation": "rigid prices",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid, definite, determined (which cannot be arbitrarily changed)"
],
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"definite",
"definite"
],
[
"determined",
"determined"
],
[
"arbitrarily",
"arbitrary#English"
],
[
"change",
"change#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) rigid, definite, determined (which cannot be arbitrarily changed)"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
18
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
11,
17
]
],
"english": "with calm, strong steps he came closer",
"text": "mierigiem, cietiem soļiem viņš nāca tuvāk",
"translation": "with calm, strong steps he came closer",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
22,
28
]
],
"english": "mother's hug is warm, strong, desperate",
"text": "mātes skāviens ir karsts, ciets, izmisīgs",
"translation": "mother's hug is warm, strong, desperate",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard, strong, determined"
],
"links": [
[
"movement",
"movement"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"determine",
"determine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of movements) hard, strong, determined"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of movements"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
29,
34
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
29,
34
]
],
"english": "the whole night was spent in tight, healthy sleep",
"text": "visa nakts tad bija pavadīta cietā, veselīgā miegā",
"translation": "the whole night was spent in tight, healthy sleep",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight (syn. ciešs)"
],
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of sleep) tight (syn. ciešs)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of sleep"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "hard water is not appropriate for washing",
"text": "ciets ūdens mazgāšanai nav derīgs",
"translation": "hard water is not appropriate for washing",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard (which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium)"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
],
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"contain",
"contain#English"
],
[
"salt",
"salt#English"
],
[
"calcium",
"calcium#English"
],
[
"magnesium",
"magnesium#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of water) hard (which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
46,
53
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
60,
66
],
[
68,
75
]
],
"english": "the sea was white and the northern wind became increasingly harder, sharper",
"text": "jūra bija balta un ziemeļu vējš kļuva aizvien cietāks",
"translation": "the sea was white and the northern wind became increasingly harder, sharper",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
42
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
59,
63
]
],
"english": "if the pines are swaying like that, then there is a storm, hard weather, as father said / used to say",
"text": "ja priedes tā šūpojas, tad ir vētra, ciets laiks, kā saka tēvs",
"translation": "if the pines are swaying like that, then there is a storm, hard weather, as father said / used to say",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, sharp"
],
"links": [
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"weather",
"weather"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of wind, weather) strong, sharp"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of wind"
],
"topics": [
"climatology",
"meteorology",
"natural-sciences",
"weather"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
10
]
],
"english": "very close one by the other",
"text": "cieti citu pie citas",
"translation": "very close one by the other",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tight(ly) close, close together (syn. ciešs, cieši)"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"tight",
"tight"
],
[
"close",
"close"
],
[
"together",
"together"
],
[
"ciešs",
"ciešs#Latvian"
],
[
"cieši",
"cieši#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "adverbial form; objects; adverbial form; objects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(adverbial form; of people, objects) tight(ly) close, close together (syn. ciešs, cieši)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[tsiɛ̂ts]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-ciets.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Lv-riga-ciets.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stings"
},
{
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stingrs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"hard, solid, rigid\"",
"word": "stīvs"
},
{
"sense": "of \"thick\", \"concentrated (look)\", \"strong (movement)\", \"sleep\", \"close together\"",
"word": "ciešs"
}
],
"word": "ciets"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciets meaning in All languages combined (28.7kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"ciets"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciets",
"trace": "started on line 163, detected on line 163"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"ciets"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "ciets",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (cdfa371 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.